What is an Adverb Clause?
যে subordinate clause কোন complex sentence-এ adverb-এর ন্যায় কাজ সম্পাদন করে, তাকেই Adverb clause বলে। A subordinate clause which does the work of an adverb in a complex sentence is called an Adverb clause.
Types of Adverb Clause
Adverb clause প্রধানত: নয় প্রকার। তারা হলো:
- Adverb clause of Time
- Adverb clause of Place
- Adverb clause of Manner
- Adverb clause of Condition
- Adverb clause of Cause or Reason
- Adverb clause of Concession or Contrast
- Adverb clause of Degree or Comparison
- Adverb clause of Purpose
- Adverb clause of Result or Effect or Consequence
Adverb clause of Time:
যে clause-এর মাধ্যমে main clause-এ উল্লেখিত কাজটি কখন ঘটে, তা জানতে পারি তাকেই Adverb clause of time বলে। এই clause ‘when’ প্রশ্নের জবাব দেয়। A clause what tells when the action mentioned in the main clause takes place.
Adverb clause of time সাধারণত: নিম্নলিখিত subordinating conjunction দ্বারা আরম্ভ হয়।
before after when while whenever
until / till as as soon as no sooner……………than
as long as as early as since
Example:
- Please give me a phone call before you go to bed.
- I shall go to bed after I have finished my work.
- I stopped reading when he came.
- I was reading while he was singing.
- Please talk to me whenever you get time.
- I waited there until / till he came back.
- As you trust yourself, you will know how to live.
- I will give you a phone call as soon as I get the result.
- No sooner had I reached there than the bus left.
- You can sing songs as long as you like.
- Please let me know as early as you can.
- Twenty years have passed since we first met.
Adverb clause of Place:
যে clause-এর মাধ্যমে কোন স্থানে বা কোথায় কোন কিছু ঘটে বা ঘটেছে, তা জানতে পারি তাকে Adverb clause of place বলে। এই clause ‘where’ প্রশ্নের জবাব দেয়। A clause what tells where the action mentioned in the main clause takes place.
Adverb clause of place সাধারণত: নিম্নলিখিত subordinating conjunction দ্বারা আরম্ভ হয়।
where anywhere wherever as far as as near as
Example:
- This is the town where I spent my childhood.
- You can build your house anywhere you like.
- You can go wherever you think to go.
- They walked as far as they liked to go.
- Please try to come as near as you can.
Adverb clause of Manner:
যে clause-এর মাধ্যমে main clause-এ বর্ণিত কোন কাজ কিভাবে ঘটে বা ঘটেছে, তা জানতে পারি তাকে Adverb clause of manner বলে। এই clause ‘how’ প্রশ্নের জবাব দেয়। A clause what tells how the action mentioned in the main clause takes place is called Adverb clause of Manner.
Adverb clause of manner সাধারণত: নিম্নলিখিত subordinating conjunction দ্বারা আরম্ভ হয়।
how as like the way
as though as if
Example:
- You can build your house how you like.
- Do the work as I suggested.
- He talked to me like I was his student.
- He completed the work the way I told him to do.
- He talked as though he had got the prize.
- He went away as if he had not seen us.
Adverb clause of Condition:
যে clause-এ কোন সম্ভাব্য পরিস্থিতি বা অবস্থার উল্লেখ থাকে, যা main clause-এ বর্ণিত কোন কাজ বা অবস্থাকে কিভাবে প্রভাবিত করে, তা জানতে পারি তাকে Adverb clause of condition বলে। A clause what tells a probable situation which affects the action mentioned in the main clause is called Adverb clause of condition.
Adverb clause of condition সাধারণত: নিম্নলিখিত subordinating conjunction দ্বারা আরম্ভ হয়।
if unless provided that
Example:
- If you read, you will pass the examination.
- Unless you read, you will fail in the examination.
- I will come provided that the weather is good.
Adverb clause of Cause or Reason:
যে clause দ্বারা main clause-এ বর্ণিত কোন কাজ বা অবস্থার কারণ বর্ণনা করা হয়, তাকে Adverb clause of cause বা reason বলে। এই clause ‘why’ প্রশ্নের জবাব দেয়। A clause that tells a cause or reason for the action mentioned in the main clause is called Adverb clause of cause or reason
Adverb clause of reason সাধারণত: নিম্নলিখিত subordinating conjunction দ্বারা আরম্ভ হয়।
because since as
Example:
- He could not attend the class because he was ill.
- Since he did not study, he failed in the examination.
- As the weather was bad, I could not go to college.
Adverb clause of Concession or Contrast:
যে clause-এ main clause-এ দেয়া তথ্যের বিপরীত কোন তথ্য থাকে তাকেই Adverb clause of concession বা contrast বলে।
A clause that contains information which contrasts with the information mentioned in the main clause is called Adverb clause of concession or contrast.
Adverb clause of concession or contrast সাধারণত: নিম্নলিখিত subordinating conjunction দ্বারা আরম্ভ হয়।
though although even though even if
Example:
- Though he is poor, he is honest.
- Although the weather was very bad, we went there.
- Rahim will be admitted to the university even though he has bad grades in HSC.
- I will go to college even if it rains tomorrow.
Adverb clause of Degree or Comparison:
যে clause-এর মধ্যে এমন একটা বিষয় থাকে যার সংগে main clause-এ উল্লেখিত কোন ব্যক্তি বা বস্তুর সংগে তুলনা করা হয়। A clause of degree or comparison is that which compares someone or something mentioned in the main clause is called Adverb clause of degree or comparison.
Adverb clause of degree or comparison সাধারণত: নিম্নলিখিত subordinating conjunction দ্বারা আরম্ভ হয়।
as…………as so…………….as than
Example:
- He is as intelligent as his father (is).
- He is not so tall as his father (is).
- Rahim is much more intelligent than he was before.
Adverb clause of Purpose:
যে clause main clause-এ বর্ণিত কাজের উদ্দেশ্য বর্ণনা করে, তাকে Adverb clause of purpose বলে। A clause that indicates the purpose of the action mentioned in the main clause is called Adverb clause of purpose.
Adverb clause of purpose সাধারণত: নিম্নলিখিত subordinating conjunction দ্বারা আরম্ভ হয়।
so so that in order that lest
Example:
- I gave him some money so he can buy food.
- He studied hard so that he could pass the examination.
- He left early in order that he could catch the bus.
- I hurried to the station lest I should be late for the train.
Adverb clause of Result or Effect or Consequence:
যে clause main clause-বর্ণিত কাজের ফল বর্ণনা করে, তাকে Adverb clause of result বা effect বা consequence বলে। A clause that indicate the result or effect or consequence of the action mentioned in the main clause is called Adverb clause of result or effect of consequence.
এই clause সাধারণত: that দ্বারা আরম্ভ হয় এবং that-এর আগে main clause-এ ’so’ অথবা ‘such’ থাকে।
Example:
- The tea is so hot that I cannot drink.
- Rahim worked so hard that he fell ill.
- Rahim spoke in such a low voice that we could not hear him.
