Transitive verb with double objects:
Voice change করতে গিয়ে অনেক সময় দেখা যাবে যে, একটি transitive verb-এর দুটি object রয়েছে। দুটি object থাকলে একটি ব্যক্তিবাচক object বা Indirect object ও অপরটি বস্তুবাচক object বা Direct object থাকবে। এই অবস্থায় যে কোন একটি Object-কে Subject করে passive voice করতে হয়।
Example:
- Active: My father teaches me English.
- Passive: I am taught English by my father. Or: English is taught me by my father.
- Active: He didn’t offer me the job.
- Passive: I wasn’t offered the job by him. Or: The job wasn’t offered me by him.
- Active: They offered you some money.
- Passive: You were offered some money by them. Or: Some money was offered me by them.
- Active: The teacher showed us the map.
- Passive: We were shown the map by the teacher. Or: The map was shown us by the teacher.
- Active: I gave you that book.
- Passive: You were given that book by me. Or: That book was given you by me.
- Active: The teacher told them a story.
- Passive: They were told a story by the teacher. Or: A story was told them by the teacher.
Note: যদিও Indirect object ও Direct object-এর যে কোন একটিকে Subject করে passive sentence করা যায়, তবে প্রায় সকল ক্ষেত্রে Indirect object-কে Subject করে passive voice করা হয়।
Infinitive phrase ও Prepositional phrase যুক্ত বাক্যকে Passive voice করা:
Active voice-এর বাক্যে অনেক সময় subject-এর পূর্বে বা object-এর পরে Infinitive phrase, prepositional phrase বা অন্য কোন অতিরিক্ত শব্দ / শব্দগুচ্ছ থাকতে পারে। এ সকল ক্ষেত্রে subject-এর পূর্বে Infinitive phrase, prepositional phrase বা অন্য কোন অতিরিক্ত শব্দ / শব্দগুচ্ছ থাকলে তা subject-এর পূর্বে রেখে Passive voice করতে হয়। আর object-এর পরে Infinitive phraseঅতিরিক্ত শব্দ / শব্দগুচ্ছ prepositional phrase বা অতিরিক্ত শব্দ / শব্দগুচ্ছ থাকলে তা সাধারণত: by-এর পূর্বে বসাতে হয়।
Example:
- Active: Teachers told the students to wait outside.
- Passive: The students were told to wait outside by the teachers.
- Active: Somebody gave him a box of chocolates for his birthday.
- Passive: He was given a box of chocolates for his birthday by somebody.
- Active: For his birthday somebody gave him a box of chocolate.
- Passive: For his birthday he was given a box of chocolate by somebody.
- Active: The Chairman must do something for this poor man.
- Passive: Something must be done for this poor man by the Chairman.
- Active: The told me the truth about the situation.
- Passive: I was told the truth about the situation by them.
- Active: They will take him to hospital tomorrow.
- Passive: He will be taken to hospital tomorrow by them.
- Active: Teachers should make lessons more interesting for the students.
- Passive: Lessons should be made more interesting for the students by the teachers.
- Active: He spilt coffee all over the tablecloth.
- Passive: Coffee was spilt all over the tablecloth by him.
- Active: His friends gave him a cake for his birthday.
- Passive: A cake was given for his birthday by his friends.
Preposition যুক্ত verb-কে অর্থাৎ Phrasal verb দ্বারা গঠিত বাক্যকে passive voice করা:
Preposition যুক্ত verb-এর পর object থাকলে, তাকে Passive voice করা যায়। Verb ও preposition নিবিড়ভাবে যুক্ত হয়ে Phrasal verb গঠন করে ও তারা উভয়ে মিলে একটি transitive verb-এর ন্যায় কাজ করে। তাদেরকে বিচ্ছিন্ন করা যায় না। বিচ্ছিন্ন করলে –verb-টির অর্থ ঠিক থাকে না। তাই, তাদের passive voice করা যায়। কারণ এই Phrasal verb-এর পরই Object থাকে। অর্থাৎ এক কথায় Phrasal verb দ্বারা গঠিত বাক্যকে passive voice করা যায়।
Example:
- Active: Rahim laughed at the boy.
- Passive: The boy was laughed at by the boy.
- Active: A car ran over the dog.
- Passive: The dog was run over by a car.
- Active: I have sent for a doctor.
- Passive: A doctor has been sent for by me.
- Active: His daughter cared for his mother.
- Passive: His mother was cared for by his daughter.
- Active: People listened to the President’s speech with rapt attention.
- Passive: The President’s speech was listened to with rapt attention.
- Active: We must look into the matter.
- Passive: The matter must be looked into by us.
- Active: She will look after the little boy.
- Passive: The little boy will be looked after by her.
Interrogative sentence-কে Passive করা:
Interrogative sentence-এর voice পরিবর্তণ করতে হলে প্রথমে sentence-টিকে Assertive-এ পরিবর্তিত করতে হয়। তারপর নিয়ম অনুযায়ী Passive voice-এ পরিবর্তণ করতে হয়। সবশেষে subject-এর সংগে মিল রেখে subject-এর পূর্বে auxiliary verb বসাতে হয়।
Example:
- Active: Do you learn English?
- Passive: Is English learnt by me?
- Active: Does he read a book?
- Passive: Is a book read by him?
- Active: Is he eating a banana?
- Passive: Is a banana being eaten by him?
- Active: Did you eat the mango?
- Passive: Was the mango eaten by you?
- Active: Will you help me?
- Passive: Shall I be helped by you?
- Active: What do you want?
- Passive: What is wanted by you?
- Active: Which pen do you want?
- Passive: Which pen is wanted by you?
- Active: Why did you do it?
- Passive: Why was it done by you?
Imperative sentence-কে Passive করা:
Imperative sentence-এ সাধারণত: subject উহ্য থাকে। এ সকল subject-কে Passive করতে হলে Let + main verb-এর object + be + past participle.
Example:
- Active: Do this sum.
- Passive: Let this be done (by you).
- Active: Tell him a story.
- Passive: Let a story be told him (by you).
- Active: Take this book.
- Passive: Let this book be taken (by you).
Appropriate preposition ব্যবহার করে sentence-কে Passive করা:
কোন কোন verb-এর পর তাদের জন্য নির্ধারিত preposition ব্যবহার করতে হয়। সে সকল ক্ষেত্রে by-এর পরিবর্তে ঐ verb-এর জন্য যে preposition উপযুক্ত (appropriate) সেটি ব্যবহার করতে হয়।
Example:
- Active: The student pleased me much.
- Passive: I was much pleased with the student.
- Active: I know the man.
- Passive: The man is known to me.
- Active: The book contains useful information.
- Passive: Useful information is contained in the book.
- Active: Your proposal shocked me much.
- Passive: I was much shocked at your proposal.
- Active: Your work satisfied me.
- Passive: I am satisfied with your work.
- Active: His conduct annoyed us.
- Passive: We were annoyed at his conduct.
- Active: His behavior surprised me.
- Passive I was surprised at his behavior.
যে সকল Transitive verb-এর বাক্যকে Passive voice করা যায় না:
আমরা জানি একমাত্র transitive verb দ্বারা গঠিত বাক্যকে passive voice করা যায়। কিন্তু এমন কতগুলো transitive verb আছে, যেগুলোকে passive voice করা যাবে না। Verb গুলো হলো: have, lack, hold, fit, become, resemble.
Example:
- They have a beautiful car. [passive voice করা যাবে না]।
- The man lacks courage. [passive voice করা যাবে না]।
- The stadium holds 25000 people. [passive voice করা যাবে না]।
- The shirt does not fit him. [passive voice করা যাবে না]।
- This dress becomes Rahima. [passive voice করা যাবে না]।
- Rafiq resembles his mother. [passive voice করা যাবে না]।
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